Metropolitan Area Unemployment Rate Trends Show an Uneven Recession

According to the National Bureau of Economic Research, the current recession officially began in December 2007. This recession has been anything but typical. Most economic news during the recession had focused on the financial industry. Terms like credit default swaps, securitized mortgages, toxic assets and bailouts have dominated economic news. But make no mistake; this recession is becoming more and more evident in the traditional economic indicators as well, particularly…employment.
Recent releases of employment data have painted a grim picture. Nationwide, the non-seasonally adjusted* unemployment rate was 8.9 percent. This marks the highest point since 1983. Just one year ago, the unemployment rate was a relatively mild 5.2 percent. Roughly 4.5 million jobs have been lost across the nation in one year. All told, we are looking at the worst employment picture this country has seen since at least the early 1980s.
While the entire country is feeling the impacts of the recession, the economic woes are not evenly distributed. Some parts of the country may get by relatively unscathed, while others are facing a severe downturn and a long recovery. This is perhaps best illustrated by looking at February’s unemployment rate figures by metropolitan area. A quick look at the map below shows some definite patterns.

February 2009 Unemployment Rate

The blue to turquoise colors represent unemployment rates below the national rate, while the warmer colors are above the national rate. In looking at the map, five distinct regions emerge, with two of them doing better than the national average and three doing worse.
First, let’s look at the two “better than average” regions, the Great Plains and the Northeast. With a few exceptions, metro areas along the east coast, from Virginia to Maine, are doing fairly well when compared to the nation. Keep in mind this is in relative terms, because we are still talking about high unemployment rates — over 6 percent. The second “better than average” region is very large, ranging basically from the Mississippi River to the states bordering the Pacific. This region includes some of the country’s lowest unemployment rates in metros like Lincoln, Omaha, New Orleans and Salt Lake City.
The three “worse than average” regions are the South, the Great Lake States and the West Coast. The trouble in these regions makes sense in light of some of the economic headlines of recent months. The West Coast and the South are home to the metros that saw the largest housing bubbles burst. Housing values declined by 25 or 30 percent in places like Miami and Las Vegas, with profound impacts on their local economies. In the Great Lakes area and in parts of the South, the decline in manufacturing, particularly automobile manufacturing, has led to high unemployment rates.
The same pattern is evident when looking at the change in unemployment rate over the past year (below). Not surprisingly, those regions with the highest unemployment rates also have experienced the greatest increases in unemployment rates. Nationally, the unemployment rate has increased 3.7 percentage points since February 2008. Most metros in the South, Great Lakes region and the West Coast had increases in excess of 3.7 percentage points, while the rest of the country generally saw lower increases.

Change in Unemployment Rate Feb. 2008 to Feb. 2009

The Kansas City area has done slightly better than the U.S. in terms of both current unemployment rate (8.4 percent compared to 8.9 percent) and increase in the unemployment rate (3.2 percentage points compared to 3.7). We are not, however, doing as well as some of the smaller surrounding metros like Des Moines and Omaha. This is likely due to Kansas City having a larger manufacturing base than these metros, although manufacturing does not play as prominent a role in Kansas City as it does some Great Lakes metros like Detroit or Cleveland.
The recession is forecast to continue for several more months, with a recovery coming at the end of 2009 or early 2010. The Kansas City area should continue to outperform the nation slightly during the recession and be well positioned to recover when the national economy begins to rebound.

*Until very recently, seasonally adjusted data was not available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics so the unseasonally adjusted data is used to compare national and local data. KCeconomy.com is currently working with the newly available seasonally adjusted data and will have that available soon.